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This allows the developer to change the symbolic link to point to a different Python framework. In both cases the python binary is a symbolic link. The latest version of AutoPkg has a similar approach: > /usr/local/autopkg/python -version
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This ensures that Munki code files use this particular instance of Python and no other copy of Python that may have been installed on the system.
You can check its version as well: % /usr/local/munki/python -versionĪll the Python code files for Munki will have a shebang (the first line in the code file) of #!/usr/local/munki/python
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When you install the latest version of Munki, it will install a copy of the Python framework in /usr/local/munki/ and create a symbolic link to that python binary at /usr/local/munki/python. The thing is, that Python isn’t merely split into two major release versions, which aren’t fully compatible with each other, but there are several minor versions of Python 3, which aren’t fully compatible with each other, but are still being maintained in parallel.ĭevelopers (individuals, teams, and organisations) that use Python will often hold on to a specific minor (and sometimes even patch) version for a project to avoid issues and bugs that might appear when changing the run-time. But, on that download page, you will also find download links for “specific versions” which include (as of this writing) versions 3.8.1, 3.7.6, 3.6.10, 3.5.9, and the deprecated 2.7.17. When you go on the download page for, you will get Python 3.8.1 (as of this writing). Python Versions, a multitude of SnakesĪfter installing Xcode or the Command Line Developer Tools, you can check the version of python installed: (versions on macOS 10.15.3 with Xcode 11.3.1) > python -version
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For MacAdmins, it adds the extra burden of installing and maintaining either the Command Line Developer Tools or the full Xcode install. This is useful for developers, who may want to use Python scripts for build operation, or for individuals who just want to ‘play around’ or experiment with Python locally. When you install Xcode, you will also get all the Command Line Developer Tools, including python3 and git. Dialog prompting to install the Command Line Tools This is common for many tools that Apple considers to be of little interest to ‘normal,’ non-developer users. The python3 binary does exist on a ‘clean’ macOS, but it is only a stub tool, that will prompt a user to download and install the Command Line Developer Tools (aka “Developer Command Line Tools” or “Command Line Tools for Xcode”). This is great, right? Apple says there is a built-in Python 3! And it’s pre-installed? Just move all your scripts to Python 3 and you’ll be fine! Instead, it’s recommended that you run python3 from within Terminal. Future versions of macOS won’t include Python 2.7.
Use of Python 2.7 isn’t recommended as this version is included in macOS for compatibility with legacy software. There is a second bullet in the Catalina release notes, though: The final recommendation is what AutoPkg and Munki are following: they are bundling their own Python runtime. Just mentally replace “Python” for your preferred language. I will be focussing on Python because it is used more commonly for MacAdmin tools, but most of this post will apply equally to Perl and Ruby. This also applies to Perl and Ruby runtimes and other libraries.
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If your software depends on scripting languages, it’s recommended that you bundle the runtime within the app. Future versions of macOS won’t include scripting language runtimes by default, and might require you to install additional packages. Scripting language runtimes such as Python, Ruby, and Perl are included in macOS for compatibility with legacy software. With the announcement of Catalina, Apple also announced that in a “future version of macOS” there will be no pre-installed Python of any version. Nevertheless, presumably because of the compatibility issues, Apple has always pre-installed Python 2 with macOS and still does so in macOS 10.15 Catalina. Python 2 was finally sunset on January 1, 2020. For this reason, Python 2 was maintained and updated alongside Python 3 for a long time. Python 3.0 was released in 2008 and it was not fully backwards compatible with Python 2.
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Why?Īpple has included a version of Python 2 with Mac OS X since 10.2 (Jaguar). AutoPkg, JSSImport and outset announced Python 3 compatible versions last week and Munki already had the first Python 3 version last December.
As I noted in my last Weekly News Summary, several open source projects for MacAdmins have completed their transition to Python 3.
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